GROWTH ON NIPPLE DURING PREGNANCY SKIN

In late pregnancy, the proliferation of new acini are reduced, and the lumen becomes distended with secretory material or colostrum.ĭuring labor and lactation, further growth and differentiation can be seen in the lobule along with milk secretion. These newly formed lobules have larger size and number of epithelial cells composing each acinus. In early pregnancy, lobule type 3 is formed due to the influence of chorionic gonadotropin. The increased volume of breast tissue during pregnancy is a result of the proliferation of secretory tissue. Once puberty is complete, no further changes occur to the female breast until pregnancy.ĭuring pregnancy, stage-II mammogenesis (alveolar development and maturation of the epithelium) occurs largely in response to higher levels of progesterone. Changes in the level of estrogen and progesterone during each menstrual cycle stimulate lobule 1 to produce new alveolar buds and eventually evolve to more mature structures, known as type-2 and type-3 lobules. Lobules increase progressively in number and size, and by the end of pregnancy, the breast is composed almost entirely of lobules separated by small amounts of the stroma. Only with the onset of pregnancy does the breast become completely mature and functional. There are 3 types of lobules, type 1, 2, and 3 which form at different stages in a woman's development. Large ducts will eventually lead to the terminal duct lobular unit, and these terminal ducts will then branch into grape-like clusters of small acini to form a lobule. The uppermost portion is lined with keratinized squamous cells that abruptly change to the double-layered epithelium (luminal and myoepithelial) of the remainder of the duct and lobule system.

GROWTH ON NIPPLE DURING PREGNANCY SKIN

Six to 10 major duct orifices open onto the skin surface of the nipple. The normal breast consists of 2 major structures (ducts and lobules), 2 types of epithelial cells (luminal and myoepithelial), and 2 types of stroma (interlobular and intralobular). It is important to learn the normal anatomy and cellular composition of breast tissue to understand the physiologic process of lactation. Other issues of concern regarding lactation include the infants inability to latch, nipple pain, mastitis, or plugged ducts. Women are also encouraged to empty the breast as often as possible, typically every 2 to 3 hours to maintain milk supply. Current recommendations for lactating women is to have a minimum excess of 500 calories per day to meet the caloric demands for milk production. In the post-partum period, some women may experience difficulty with lactation if they have inadequate milk production, poor milk extraction, and insufficient caloric intake to meet demands. Incisions made in the armpit are more favorably for normal breastfeeding whereas, the 'smile' incision around the areola increases the woman's risk of having breastfeeding issues. Women who have had breast augmentation may experience issues with lactation and breastfeeding, but this is dependent on the location of the incision.

The process of lactation and breastfeeding can be negatively affected by anything that interrupts the normal development of the female breast, or that interferes with the production of milk.

Growth on nipple during pregnancy